Felicia Lamb's annotated bibliography

Agger, William A. (2002). Antibiotic resistance: Unnatural selection in the office and on the farm. Wisconsin Medical Journal, 101, 5, 12-13

Dr. Agger discusses the use of antibiotics in the humans and livestock. He states that just as humans need to get a doctor to prescribe antibiotics, also farmers should be required to get a DVM to prescribe antibiotics for livestock. He also says the use of growth promotion antibiotics, which are supposed to be minimal as to not be detected, are being detected in sample of meats from the supermarket. His main point is that there is a need for more monitoring of growth promotion antibiotics in our food source as to avoid creating more resistances.

Bottemiller, Helena. (2010, April 19). Debate over antibiotic use continues. Food Safety News. Retrieved from www.foodsafetynews.com/2010/04/debate-over-antibiotics-in-animal-ag-continues/

Highlights the politics of eliminating non-theraputic antibiotic use in our food source, as it has been linked to several types of antibiotic resistances spread through the food source.

Ferber, Dan. (2010). From pigs to people: The emergence of a new superbug. Science, 329, 5995, 1010-1111 doi: 10.1126/science.329.5995.1010

This article gives the history of when and where MRSA ST398 was first discovered, and leads into some of the more pressing topics surrounding MRSA. The first being the use of non-theraputic doses of antibiotics in livestock and it longterm ramifications. The difference between community acquired MRSA and hospital acquired is explained and then applied to ST398, as it is an community acquired strain, that has created many problems in and outside of hospitals.

Enright, Mark C. et al. (2002). The evolutionary history of methicillin-resistant Staphlococcus aureus (MRSA). The National Academy of Sciences. 99, 11, 7687-7692 doi:10.1073/pnas.122108599

Article goes through the first report of MRSA and its ability to cross seas to infect many populations and become a worldwide epidemic. The orgin is not totally understood because there is no rational normenclature. Also there are many versions and no one yet knows how many.

Gould F. Kate et al (2009) Guidelines (2008) for the prophylaxis and treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphlococcus aureus (MRSA) infections in the United Kingdom. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 63, 849-861 doi:10.1093/jac/dkp065

The article discusses the different sites of infection that MRSA can inhabitate, and the different ways of treating it with a variety of antibiotics. Vancomycin seemed to be one of the best options for fighting MRSA, but resistances have been developed against vancomycin as well in some areas of the world and as a result the use of more extreme treatments/doses of antibiotics have been used to treat MRSA depending on the infection site(s).

McKenna, Maryn. (2009, January 23) A new strain of drug-resistant staph infection found in U.S. pigs. Scientific American. Retrieved from www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=new-drug-resistant-mrsa-in-pigs/index.htm

This paper investigates of MRSA strain ST398’s arrival into the United States and its spread to various pig farm operations. The ST398 strain was found to be able to transfer across specie lines, infecting humans and causing a variety of complications including death in extreme cases.

(2010). MRSA infection. Mayoclinic.com. Retrieved from http://www.mayoClinic.com/health/mrsa/ds00735

Overview of MRSA with its disease course, symptoms and treatments are described in this report from Mayo Clinic. Also included are descriptions of staph and antibiotic resistance ands how they are acquired.

(2010). Novel non-Antibiotic Anti-infective Successfully Treats Impetigo Patients Including 100% Infected with MRSA. Medical News Today. Retrieved from http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/205703.php

This article talks about the new drug class being developed by a Pharmaceutical Company in California that is thought to possibly be able to replace antibiotics, and help with the problem of drug resistances.

Sharpe J. Neal et al (2004) Clinical and economic outcomes of oral linezolid versus intravenous vancomycin in the treatment of MRSA-complicated, lower-extremit skin and soft-tissue infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphlococcus aureus. The American Journal of Surgery. 189, 425-428 doi: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.205.01.011

Comparison of treatment of Vancomycin for skin and soft tissue MRSA infections versus Linezolid was being examined in this research paper. Linezolid was proving to be a better treatment option against MRSA than Vancomycin, which has been the long standing treatment used.

Tilman, David et al (2002. August 8) Agricultural sustainability and intensive production practices. Nature. 418, 671-677. doi:10.1038/nature01014 page:671-677

This review touches on many issues facing the world food source today with consideration of the world’s growing population. Sustainability, land management, food production and costs were some of the points touched on and the ramifications the current practices will have one the global food source 50 years down the road. Of the several topics touched on included disease control, and the use of non-theraputic levels of antibiotics, that seem to be lead to resistant bacteria, specifically in poultry and beef.