Annotated Bibliography

Thomas Kalinoski

Abhilash, M., Vidya, A.G., Jagadevi, T. (2009). Bacteriophage Therapy: A War Against Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria. The Internet Journal of Alternative Medicine. 7 (1).

This article introduces bacteriophages, their activity, and their use in phage therapy. It also discusses some of the advantages of phage therapy over antibiotics, as well as the problems associated with its use.

Borysowski, J.. (2008, Sep). Is phage therapy acceptable in the immunocompromised host? International  Journal of Infectious Diseases. 12(5), 466-471. from Science Direct.

This article examines the safety of phage therapy, especially in immunocompromised individuals. The article discusses the possible negative interactions with the immune system, and the safety of the therapy compared to its effectiveness.

Carmody, L. A. (2010, Jan). Efficacy of bacteriophage therapy in a model of Burkholderia cenocepacia pulmonary infection. The Journal of Infectious Diseases. 201(2), 264-271. from Medline.

This article studies the therapeutic potential for bacteriophages in a mouse model of acute Burkholderia cenocepacia pulmonary infection.

Chhibber, S. (2008). Therapeutic potential of bacteriophage in treating Klebsiella pneumoniae B5055-mediated lobar pneumonia. Journal of Medical Microbiology57 pp. 1508-1513.

This article discusses the study of the use of bacteriophages to treat the multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumonia infection in mice. The mice were treated with an intranasal inoculation of the bacteria, then a dose of the bacteriophage treatment at varying times.

Fischetti, V. A. (2008, Oct). Bacteriophage lysins as effective antibacterials. Current Opinions in Microbiology. 11(5), 393-400. from PubMed.

This article discusses the potential applications of bacterophage lysins in antibacterial therapy. Lysins are enzymes produced by bacteriophage and break down the bacterial cell wall.

Kropinski, A. M. (2006, Sep). Phage Therapy- Everything Old is New Again. Medical Microbiology. 17(5), 297-306. from PubMed.

This article introduces the reader to phage therapy and discusses some of the applications as well as pitfalls of the use of phages to treat infections. This article also discusses some of the history behind phage therapy and its potential role in healthcare in the future.

Letkiewicz, S.. (2010, Nov). The perspectives of the application of phage therapy in chronic bacterial prostatitis. Fems Immunology and Medical Microbiology. 60(2), 99-112. from ISA Web of Knowledge.

This article studies the application of bacteriophage therapy to a specific infection, prostatitis, which has otherwise limited treatment options because of multi-drug resistance and high relapse rate for the infection.

Levin, B., Bull, J. (2004). Population and Evolutionary Dynamics of Phage Therapy. Nature Review: Microbiology. (2), 166-173.

This study examines the evolutionary dynamics of phage and bacteria and its impact on bacterial resistance. This article also discusses the potential of phage therapy, and whether it will inevitably suffer the same problems faced with antibiotics in terms of resistance.    

Matsuda, T.. (2005, Jun). Lysis-deficient bacteriophage therapy decreases endotoxin and inflammatory mediator release and improves survival in a murine peritonitis model. Surgury. 137(6), 639-546. from ScienceDirect.

This article discusses lysis-deficient (LyD) phages that kill bacteria without lysing it, thus not releasing endotoxin. The experiment studies the effects of A3 T4 LyD on bacterial peritonitis in mice.

Sulakvelidze, A.. (2005, Jun). Phage therapy: an attractive option for dealing with antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections . Drug Discovery Today. 10(12), 807-809. from ScienceDirect.

This article describes the history of chemotherapy and phage use. It also describes credible research on the subject and its issues in gaining acceptance.

T4 Bacteriophage [artificially colored electron micrograph], Retrieved from   http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Virus.

Zimecki, M.. (2009, Aug). Effects of prophylactic administration of bacteriophages to immunosuppressed mice infected with Staphylococcus aureous. BMC Microbiology. 17(9), 169-. from PubMed.

This article is based on the research of bacteriophages in the treatment of an infection due to S. aureous bacteria in mice. This article is specifically focused on use of bacteriophages on immunosuppressed individuals.

 Zimecki, M.. (2008, Feb). The concerted action of lactoferrin and bacteriophages in the clearance of bacteria in sublethally infected mice. Postepy Hig Med Dosw. 7(62), 42-46. from PubMed.

This article examines whether the combined treatment of infected mice with lactoferrin and bacteriophages may allow significant lowering of the bacteriophage dose needed for effective elimination of E. coli and S. aureous